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2022全球十大工程成就 2

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Printability and hardening performance of three-dimensionally-printed geopolymer based on lunar regolithsimulant for automated construction of lunar infrastructure

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0003-0

摘要： Using an in situ lunar regolith as a construction material in combination with 3D printing not only reduces the weight of materials carried from the Earth but also improves the automation of lunar infrastructure construction. This study aims to improve the printability of a geopolymer based on a BH-1 lunar regolith simulant, including the extrudability, open time, and buildability, by controlling the temperature and adding admixtures. Rheological parameters were used to represent printability with different water-to-binder ratios, printing temperatures, and contents of additives. The mechanical properties of the hardening geopolymer with different filling paths and loading directions were tested. The results show that heating the printed filaments with a water-to-binder ratio of 0.32 at 80 °C can adjust the printability without adding any additive, which can reduce the construction cost of lunar infrastructure. The printability of the BH-1 geopolymer can also be improved by adding 0.3% Attagel-50 and 0.5% polypropylene fiber by mass at a temperature of 20 °C to cope with the changeable environmental conditions on the Moon. After curing under a simulated lunar environment, the 72-h flexural and compressive strengths of the geopolymer specimens reach 4.1 and 48.1 MPa, respectively, which are promising considering that the acceleration of gravity on the Moon is 1/6 of that on the Earth.

关键词： geopolymer lunar regolith simulant 3D printing rheology printability

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基于BH-1模拟月壤的低碱高强地聚合物的制备与表征 Article

周思齐, 鲁乘鸿, 朱兴一, 李峰

《工程（英文）》 2021年第7卷第11期页码 1631-1645 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.10.016

摘要：

建设月球基地以支持月面科研任务和资源利用一直是各国研究人员的目标。使用月球材料进行原位资源利用制备建筑材料对于节省昂贵的太空运费具有重要意义。本文研制了一种新型模拟月壤，名为北航（BH）-1。通过X射线荧光光谱（XRF）、X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和反射光谱结果证实，BH-1 的化学矿物组成和微观结构与真实月壤非常相似。本研究还在模拟月球环境条件下合成了一种基于BH-1 模拟月壤的地聚合物，并研究了补充铝源对地聚合物强度的影响。测定了碱激发BH-1 浆体的流变性能。采用XRF、XRD、傅里叶红外光谱、SEM能谱分析和27Al 魔角旋转核磁共振分析对地聚合物进行表征。试验结果表明，BH-1 浆体的流变曲线符合Herschel-Bulkley 模型，表现为剪切变稀流体。添加铝源的BH-1 地聚合物与对照组相比，28 天抗压强度可提高100.8%。同时，产生单位强度所需的添加剂的质量降低，显著减少了从地球运输至月球用于地聚合物制备的材料质量，有望节约太空运输成本。微观实验分析表明，通过添加额外的铝源来改善BH-1 地聚合物的力学性能机理为：促进了硅氧基中铝原子基团对硅原子基团的取代作用，生成更致密的无定形凝胶结构。

关键词：深空探测月球基地地聚合物模拟月壤流变学

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Development of lunar regolith-based composite for - 3D printing via high-pressure extrusion system

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第18卷第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-022-0745-8

摘要： To fully utilize the in-situ resources on the moon to facilitate the establishment of a lunar habitat is significant to realize the long-term residence of mankind on the moon and the deep space exploration in the future. Thus, intensive research works have been conducted to develop types of 3D printing approach to adapt to the extreme environment and utilize the lunar regolith for in-situ construction. However, the in-situ 3D printing using raw lunar regolith consumes extremely high energy and time. In this work, we proposed a cost-effective melting extrusion system for lunar regolith-based composite printing, and engineering thermoplastic powders are employed as a bonding agent for lunar regolith composite. The high-performance nylon and lunar regolith are uniformly pre-mixed in powder form with different weight fractions. The high-pressure extrusion system is helpful to enhance the interface affinity of polymer binders with lunar regolith as well as maximize the loading ratio of in-situ resources of lunar regolith. Mechanical properties such as tensile strength, elastic modulus, and Poisson’s ratio of the printed specimens were evaluated systematically. Especially, the impact performance was emphasized to improve the resistance of the meteorite impact on the moon. The maximum tensile strength and impact toughness reach 36.2 MPa and 5.15 kJ/m², respectively. High-pressure melt extrusion for lunar regolith composite can increase the effective loading fraction up to 80 wt.% and relatively easily adapt to extreme conditions for in-situ manufacturing.

关键词： in-situ resource utilization melt extrusion molding lunar regolith-based composites mechanical properties additive manufacturing

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Development of lunar regolith composite and structure via laser-assisted sintering

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11465-021-0662-2

摘要： Aiming at the exploration and resource utilization activities on the Moon, in situ resource utilization and in situ manufacturing are proposed to minimize the dependence on the ground transportation supplies. In this paper, a laser-assisted additive manufacturing process is developed to fabricate lunar regolith composites with PA12/SiO₂ mixing powders. The process parameters and composite material compositions are optimized in an appropriate range through orthogonal experiments to establish the relationship of process–structure–property for lunar regolith composites. The optimal combination of composite material compositions and process parameters are mixing ratio of 50/50 in volume, laser power of 30 W, scanning speed of 3500 mm/s, and scanning hatch space of 0.2 mm. The maximum tensile strength of lunar regolith composites reaches 9.248 MPa, and the maximum depth of surface variation is 120.79 μm, which indicates poor powder fusion and sintering quality. Thereafter, the mechanical properties of laser-sintered lunar regolith composites are implemented to the topology optimization design of complex structures. The effectiveness and the feasibility of this laser-assisted process are potentially developed for future lightweight design and manufacturing of the solar panel installed on the lunar rover.

关键词： in situ manufacturing laser-assisted powder fusion process mechanical properties topological structure design

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嫦娥1号卫星微波探月技术机理和应用研究

姜景山,王振占,李芸

《中国工程科学》 2008年第10卷第6期页码 16-22

摘要：

微波探测仪是嫦娥1号卫星有效载荷之一，主要用于测量不同深度的月壤微波辐射亮温，进而反演月壤厚度的信息并对月球的³He资源量和分布进行评估。这是国际上第一次利用被动微波遥感探测器在月球轨道直接测量月表亮温信息。因此，对月壤辐射传输模型的研究是及其必要的。文章分析了月球微波探测的机理和存在的问题，并给出了初步解决途径。

关键词：嫦娥1号微波探测仪遥感月壤微波辐射传输

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天基发射与载人登月初探

张泽明,姜毅,傅德彬

《中国工程科学》 2006年第8卷第10期页码 37-41

摘要：

登月是载人航天向深空探测的延续，它与载人飞船工程相比，可靠性要求更高，工程规模更大，资金投入更多。结合国外登月历程和我国航天事业取得的重大成就，探讨了利用现有运载技术，分批次将登月飞船和航天员送入近地轨道，并在天基发射平台上进行组装发射，实现载人登月的设想；并就天基发射平台和天基发射方式进行了初步探讨。

关键词：登月天基发射发射平台登月轨道技术途径

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月球表面环境综合模拟系统的设想

石晓波,李运泽,黄勇,王浚

《中国工程科学》 2006年第8卷第11期页码 48-52

摘要：

相比于环绕地球飞行的卫星或载人飞船，探月航天器面临的空间环境更为复杂和严酷。月球表面的环境对登月飞船、月球车的环境适应性及可靠性提出了极为严格的要求。文章就月球表面综合环境模拟系统进行了初步的系统设计。该系统可实现月表尘埃、地形地貌、承载能力及摩擦效应、真空、温度交替变化等环境因素的综合模拟，可为登月飞船及月球车的设计、优化以及最终的系统验证提供试验平台。

关键词：月球表面环境月球尘埃环境模拟

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利用嫦娥一号卫星微波探测仪数据反演月球表面物理温度

李芸,姜景山,王振占,张德海,张晓辉

《中国工程科学》 2013年第15卷第7期页码 106-112

摘要：

本文利用理论研究的结果，建立了月表物理温度反演模型，结合嫦娥一号微波探测仪（CELMS）数据对全月球物理温度进行了反演。同时分析了物理温度变化对微波辐射的影响及其与表面地形等的关系，为其他月表信息反演提供了依据和物理温度的测量信息。

关键词：嫦娥一号微波探测仪月球表面物理温度反演

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嫦娥五号探测器成功带回月球岩石

Mitch Leslie

《工程（英文）》 2021年第7卷第5期页码 544-546 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.03.007

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中国的探月工程——中国航天第三个里程碑

栾恩杰

《中国工程科学》 2006年第8卷第10期页码 31-36

摘要：

人类对月球的探测显示了人类的智慧和能力，也带动了人类社会及科学技术的进步和发展。中国以“绕”、“落”、“回”为标志的探月工程是中国航天的第三个里程碑性工程，既是国力强大的体现，也是中国航天能力的表征。

关键词：中国航天月球勘探嫦娥1号

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Management innovation of Chang’e-5 project

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第4期页码 620-626 doi: 10.1007/s42524-021-0165-1

关键词： lunar exploration sample return systems engineering project management

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中国进入空间能力的现状与展望

龙乐豪,王小军,果琳丽

《中国工程科学》 2006年第8卷第11期页码 25-28

摘要：

总结了国外航天运输系统的现状及发展趋势；对比分析了我国长征系列运载火箭的现状和差距；提出了增强我国进入空间能力的五个发展方向，即改进现役运载火箭、研制新一代运载火箭系列、发展快速机动发射小型运载火箭、具备载人登月及深空运输能力、探索重复使用运输技术。

关键词：航天长征火箭家族载人登月重复使用运载器

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Landing control method of a lightweight four-legged landing and walking robot

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第17卷第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-022-0707-1

摘要： The prober with an immovable lander and a movable rover is commonly used to explore the Moon’s surface. The rover can complete the detection on relatively flat terrain of the lunar surface well, but its detection efficiency on deep craters and mountains is relatively low due to the difficulties of reaching such places. A lightweight four-legged landing and walking robot called “FLLWR” is designed in this study. It can take off and land repeatedly between any two sites wherever on deep craters, mountains or other challenging landforms that are difficult to reach by direct ground movement. The robot integrates the functions of a lander and a rover, including folding, deploying, repetitive landing, and walking. A landing control method via compliance control is proposed to solve the critical problem of impact energy dissipation to realize buffer landing. Repetitive landing experiments on a five-degree-of-freedom lunar gravity testing platform are performed. Under the landing conditions with a vertical velocity of 2.1 m/s and a loading weight of 140 kg, the torque safety margin is 10.3% and 16.7%, and the height safety margin is 36.4% and 50.1% for the cases with or without an additional horizontal disturbance velocity of 0.4 m/s, respectively. The study provides a novel insight into the next-generation lunar exploration equipment.

关键词： landing and walking robot lunar exploration buffer landing compliance control

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Measurement of dynamic fracture toughness and failure behavior for explosive mock materials

Pengwan CHEN, Zhongbin ZHOU, Shaopeng MA, Qinwei MA, Fenglei HUANG

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第6卷第3期页码 292-295 doi: 10.1007/s11465-011-0237-8

摘要：

In this work, a pre-cracked semi-circular shaped explosive simulant was loaded using a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB). A high-speed camera was used to capture the deformation and fracture process of the specimen in situ. The digital images were processed using the digital image correlation (DIC) method. Next, full displacement and strain fields were obtained. The displacement vector field shows that the specimen fractured under tensile stress action. The strain field can be used to predict the crack propagation. Results show that the method of combined DIC and SHPB is effective to study the dynamic deformation and fracture behavior of explosive simulants. In addition, the specimen was loaded using a drop weight. The fracture toughness of the specimen was preliminary measured.

关键词： digital image correlation polymer bonded explosive simulant split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) semicircular bending test deformation fracture toughness

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月球车叶片伸缩式步行轮的力学分析和性能优化 Article

杨璐, 蔡博文, 张荣辉, 李克宁, 张子贤, 雷洁浩, 陈百超, 王荣本

《工程（英文）》 2020年第6卷第8期页码 936-943 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.07.009

摘要：

在探月工程计划中，月球车的车轮系统是月球车总体设计系统的重要子系统之一。由于月表地形复杂，同时受限于月球车有限的空间，因此大大增加了车轮系统设计和优化工作的难度。本研究的主要目标是针对自主设计的月球车机械结构，建立一个原理型样机以对其性能进行优化。研究的主要工作包括：为应对月表复杂路况，提出了一种适配月球车正反四边形悬架的新型叶片伸缩式步行轮；以功耗最小化为目标，在保证障碍通过性的前提下，分析车轮运动过程中受力情况以实现对车轮的性能优化；最后，基于数字仿真和综合实验方法，验证了新型车轮系统在实际实验中可以达到按需伸缩叶片和节约能耗的效果。本文的研究成果为中国月球车的研究和开发提供了一种技术参考。

关键词：特种智能载具叶片伸缩式步行轮性能优化叶片弹簧月球车

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标题作者时间类型操作

Printability and hardening performance of three-dimensionally-printed geopolymer based on lunar regolithsimulant for automated construction of lunar infrastructure

期刊论文

基于BH-1模拟月壤的低碱高强地聚合物的制备与表征

周思齐, 鲁乘鸿, 朱兴一, 李峰

期刊论文

Development of lunar regolith-based composite for - 3D printing via high-pressure extrusion system

期刊论文

Development of lunar regolith composite and structure via laser-assisted sintering

期刊论文

嫦娥1号卫星微波探月技术机理和应用研究

姜景山,王振占,李芸

期刊论文

天基发射与载人登月初探